P1flyingring

What makes the p1flyingring stand out from standard off-the-shelf rings or washers? The answer lies in three key engineering principles:

Ironically, a "flying" ring is also used in static applications. On direct-drive extruders, the filament path often has sharp angles. A p1flyingring mounted on a bearing acts as a low-friction guide wheel. Because of its closed-loop design, filament cannot jump out of the guide path, eliminating a common cause of print failures. p1flyingring

The main loop reads ADC values and adjusts PWM duty cycle to keep the ring levitated. Interspersed are UART commands: What makes the p1flyingring stand out from standard

The key is not directly visible; it is derived from a sensor calibration routine that runs once at boot. Ironically, a "flying" ring is also used in